Neurodiversity

Neurodiversity is the concept that variations in brain function and behavior are normal and natural aspects of human diversity. People fundamentally experience and interact with the world in different ways to varying degrees and there is no single, "correct" way of thinking, learning, and behaving. There are neurological differences that can negatively impact a person's ability to navigate the world we live in. As we understand more about how people's experience differ, we can adapt our actions and our world to make sure every person's experience is accounted for. The term was coined in the 1990s by Australian sociologist Judy Singer.

Neurotypical

Refers to an individual who thinks, perceives, and behaves in ways that are statistically and/or socially considered the norm by the general population.

Neurodivergent

Refers to an individual whose brain works in a way that isn’t expected or isn’t considered to be the norm; the individual functions differently in terms of learning, social interaction, and communication. While it's technically incorrect to refer to an individual as "neurodiverse", very few people will be offended or even aware of the distinction. It’s a very common mix-up, and the intended meaning is usually clear.

Neurodiverse

Refers to a group that includes individuals with different neurological makeups. For example, a workplace with people who are both neurotypical and neurodivergent is neurodiverse. The term emphasizes diversity within the group, not an individual.

Language (Person First vs Disability First)

The language used to refer to neurodiverse populations—identity-first vs. person-first—is still a topic of ongoing discussion within neurodiversity advocacy groups. Different individuals, groups, and communities may prefer one over the other based on their personal experiences and the meanings they attach to the terms. If you find yourself referring to someone who is neurodivergent, it's best to ask them which language they prefer, as a small but meaningful way to demonstrate respect and understanding.

Neurodevelopmental Conditions

These are conditions that affect the development of the nervous system, including the brain, that can cause the body to exhibit growth differently from what may be expected in areas that facilitate communication, learning, and social interaction; this will cause the individual to have to seek out different learning and communication methods to support their growth.

Restricted Repetitive Behaviors

According to the National Library of Medicine, restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) can include an extensive category of behaviors, such as fixations on certain restricted patterns of interest, adherence to very specific routines, or repetitive movements. This varies from person to person, as does the severity of said behaviors.

Hyperfocus

The capacity to exclusively engage in one task or activity while tuning out others. It is a type of automatic attention: aka processes that occur faster with less effort.

Sensory Sensitivity

A biologically-based trait characterized by increased awareness and sensitivity to the environment. A highly sensitive person processes sensory stimuli and information more strongly and deeply than others. Many autistic individuals also experience this.

Children especially try to avoid sensory experiences – for example, they might cover their ears when they hear loud noises.

Special Interests

Described as an intense focus on specific topics. Many autistic people have passionate and highly focused interests, often from a fairly young age. These can change over time or be lifelong. They can be characters, music, books, animals, paintings, etc.

Visible vs. Invisible

A key term that many people use as a distinction between different disabilities and different forms of neurodiversity is by categorizing them as "visible" or "invisible". It's very important to understand that some people deal with challenges we can't see.